Sector: Fisheries
Illegal Fishing

The fishing wars are coming ... not so fast, illegal fishing is a big part of the global industry

Burgess COMMENTARY
Not so fast, illegal fishing is a big part of the global industry. Over the past 40 years rather little has been accomplished to reduce the amount of fish that are caught illegally. There is a massive amount of paper legislation, but very little capacity for enforcement.
Peter Burgess

The fishing wars are coming


The Indonesian navy scuttles foreign fishing vessels caught fishing illegally in Indonesian waters near Bitung, North Sulawesi, on May 20, 2015. (Antara Foto/Reuters)

James G. Stavridis was the 16th supreme allied commander at NATO and is dean of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. Johan Bergenas is senior director for public policy at Vulcan Inc.

Lawmakers are finally catching up to something that the Navy and Coast Guard have known for a long time: The escalating conflict over fishing could lead to a “global fish war.”

This week, as part of the pending National Defense Authorization Act, Congress asked the Navy to help fight illegal fishing. This is an important step. Greater military and diplomatic efforts must follow. Indeed, history is full of natural-resource wars, including over sugar, spices, textiles, minerals, opium and oil. Looking at current dynamics, fish scarcity could be the next catalyst.

The decline in nearly half of global fish stocks in recent decades is a growing and existential threat to roughly 1 billion people around the world who rely on seafood as their primary source of protein. No other country is more concerned about the increasingly empty oceans than China, whose people eat twice as much fish as the global average. Beijing is also the world’s largest exporter of fish, with 14 million fishers in a sector producing billions of dollars a year.

In order to keep its people fed and employed, the Chinese government provides hundreds of millions of dollars a year in subsidies to its distant-water fishing fleet. And in the South China Sea, it is common for its ships to receive Chinese Coast Guard escorts when illegally entering other countries’ fishing waters. As such, the Chinese government is directly enabling and militarizing the worldwide robbing of ocean resources.

The deployment of both hard and soft power to acquire natural resources is nothing short of hybrid warfare. Countries on the receiving end of Chinese actions are responding in kind: Indonesia has blown up hundreds of vessels fishing in their waters illegally; Argentina sank a Chinese vessel illegally fishing in its waters last year; and South Africa continues to clash with Beijing over fishing practices. Recently, Ecuador summoned the Chinese ambassador to condemn China’s fishing in Ecuadoran maritime territory following the seizure of 300 tons of illegally sourced fish.

The United States could be next. Chinese vessels are increasingly fishing near our waters and are seeking to expand their footprint in the Caribbean. U.S. Coast Guard Capt. Jay Caputo recently underscored this point: “It is imperative that the Coast Guard be prepared for when the Chinese fishing militia approaches the U.S. [exclusive economic zone].”

Emptier oceans also lead to increased transnational crimes. The commander of the Navy’s 5th Fleet noted this year that “out-of-work fishermen” are often involved in weapons smuggling for countries such as Iran. Drug traffickers also use fishing vessels around the world, including U.S. waters. This summer in Miami, U.S. Customs and Border Protection interdicted a fishing vessel from the Bahamas carrying 150 pounds of cocaine. These practices are rampant in Central and South America.

Dozens of international treaties govern the protection of marine resources, but significant enforcement gaps exist that substantially reduce their effectiveness. The U.S. Navy is better suited to help close this gap than any other institution in the world. And while the Navy already recognized in its 2015 strategic blueprint that combating illegal fishing is part of its mission, the recent congressional action provides an opportunity for the Navy and partners to increase its role.

To that end, the Navy should expand its partnership with the Coast Guard through the Oceania Maritime Security Initiative, which allows both military branches to enforce fisheries laws, combat transnational organized crime and enhance regional security in the Central and South Pacific. This program should be replicated in other ocean territories.

The United States can also revitalize efforts by including fighting illegal fishing as part of the mission of the Combined Maritime Forces, a voluntary maritime security initiative with 32 member nations that operates to combat terrorism and piracy and provide overall maritime security. Fighting illegal fishing is not part of the group’s mission, but in light of the geostrategic challenges associated with it today, member countries should reconsider its inclusion.

Diplomatic efforts must be increased as well, starting with elevating environmental-crime issues, such as illegal fishing, within the U.S. government. President Trump began that process this year by incorporating wildlife crime as part of an executive order on combating transnational organized crime.

Trump should also recognize illegal fishing as a direct threat to U.S. interests in his National Security Strategy this fall. Coupled with the congressional defense authorization, this would send a strong message to countries and criminals that the pillaging of our oceans is a serious threat to the United States — one that we must confront.
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Argentina fires on Chinese vessel 'fishing illegally'

By NATALIE SCHACHAR BUENOS AIRES, Argentina — Associated Press writer Victor Caivano in Buenos Aires contributed to this report.
Feb 25, 2018, 2:27 PM ET



In this Thursday, Feb. 22, 2018 photo released by Argentinas Coast Guard, a soldier fires at the Chinese fishing boat named Jing Yuan 626 in Argentine waters. The operation was called off by Argentinas foreign ministry after the vessel was chased fThe Associated Press

In this Thursday, Feb. 22, 2018 photo released by Argentina's Coast Guard, a soldier fires at the Chinese fishing boat named Jing Yuan 626 in Argentine waters. The operation was called off by Argentina's foreign ministry after the vessel was chased for nearly eight hours, according to Argentina's prefecture. (Argentine Coast Guard via AP)

Argentina's coast guard said it fired on a Chinese boat illegally fishing in its waters before embarking on an almost eight hour chase to capture it.

Nobody was reportedly injured and no fishermen were detained.

The Argentine Naval Prefecture said in a statement Friday that its officers fired shots at the Jing Yuan 626 after the vessel was caught illegally fishing in the country's exclusive economic zone.

The Chinese embassy in Argentina did not immediately provide a statement about the incident, which occurred Thursday after four other vessels also flying under a Chinese flag attempted to ram into coast guard boats.

A decision was then made to 'carry out machine-gun and cannon fire' and impede the vessel's ability to navigate, the coast guard said.

In video footage released Saturday, an Argentine maritime officer can be heard warning the Jing Yuan 626 before it is fired upon.

'You're responsible for the safety of your crew and your ship. You are about to receive direct fire on the bow part of your ship,' the officer says via radio.

He then says: 'Bow, command bridge. Are we ready? Okey, free fire one shot to the boat's bow over waterline.'

The vessel managed to escape after the foreign ministry called off the operation following a nearly eight hour chase.

Fishing boats have been involved in various incidents within Argentina's 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone in the past. In 2016, a Chinese fishing vessel with 32 crew members aboard was reportedly sunk by Argentine authorities after it attempted to flee to international waters. Earlier this month, the coast guard detained a Spanish ship carrying more than 705,000 pounds (320,000 kilos) of fish caught illegally. Associated Press writer Victor Caivano in Buenos Aires contributed to this report.