Working Paper / Seafood Commons
White Paper Development 180321

Seafood Commons White Paper ... Open common standards for a sustainable global seafood industry

Burgess COMMENTARY

Peter Burgess

Seafood Commons White Paper ... Open common standards for a sustainable global seafood industry

The Seafood Commons™ is a collaborative social venture established by global seafood stakeholders across industry sectors, regulatory agencies, and society.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

(*) Abstract 2
(*) Background 3
(*) Managed Ecosystems 3
(*) The Great Transition 5
(*) World Economic Forum - Realizing Potential of Blockchain 5
(*) Focus on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6
(*) State of the Seafood Industry 6
(*) Global Industry 6
(*) Oceans in Crisis 7
(*) The Commons 8
(*) The Tragedy of the Commons 8
(*) Vision 9
(*) Healing the Tragedy of the Commons 9
(*) Design principles for Common Pool Resource (CPR) institution 9
(*) The Value of Potential 10
(*) Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Meta-bolism 12
(*) Web 3.0 - Peer to Peer 13
(*) Action 13
(*) Collaborative Industry Commons 14
(*) Interoperable Standards 14
(*) Global Dialog on Seafood Traceability 14
(*) Blockchain in Transport Alliance 15
(*) GS1 Standards (Traceability and Barcode) 15
(*) GRI - Global Reporting Initiative 15
(*) Internet Society 15
(*) IEEE 16
(*) IEEE - Collabratec 16
(*) Governance Organization 18
(*) World Economics Forum Governance Considerations 18
(*) People Centric.io - comprehensive Platform 19
(*) Holon ICO 19
(*) The Nexus between Energy, Food, Land Use, and Water 20
(*) Including Cost Externalizing 21
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract

What would be the benefits and trade-offs of implementing alternative approaches to fisheries management on a worldwide scale?

A 2016 scientific study released in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences coupled state-of-the-art bioeconomic models for more than 4,500 fisheries around the world, representing 78% of global reported fish catch, found that in nearly every country of the world, improved management of ecosystems would simultaneously drive increases in food provision, fishery profits, and fish biomass in the sea. Test results suggest that a suite of approaches providing individual or communal access rights to fishery resources can align incentives across profit, food, and conservation so that few trade-offs will have to be made across these objectives in selecting effective policy interventions.

Applying sound management reforms to global fisheries in the dataset could generate annual increases exceeding 16 million metric tons (MMT) in catch, $53 billion in profit, and 619 MMT in biomass relative to business as usual. With appropriate reforms, recovery can happen quickly, with the median fishery taking under 10 years to reach recovery targets. Results show that common sense reforms to fishery management would dramatically improve overall fish abundance while increasing food security and profits. Source: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/03/22/1520420113
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Background

We are undergoing a technological and social transformation unparalleled since the invention of the printing press in the year 1440. New communications technologies are now creating the Internet of Money, the Internet of Logistics, the Internet of Energy, and the Internet of Things and devices. All integrated into an intelligent global system.

Informed by an Integrative and Integral approach we view this emerging technology as an evolutionary aspect of human civilization. While the technical systems may be viewed as complex machines, when human interaction is included we start to see the Internet of Everything (IoE). A collaborative global “brain” and nervous system that has the potential to positively transform society and its relationship to the physical world.

Copy to come: (Law, consumers, the industry support, on our side.. The only opposition are pirates… Storied food/slowfood/edible) Managed Ecosystems Creating communities of place that recognize the interdependence of life.

The emergent IoE is now starting to offer us the opportunity to co-create our future with conscious deliberateness. For the first time in history we are capable of envisioning and creating a global foundation for shared knowledge and innovation.

A socio-ecological system consists of 'a bio-geo-physical' unit and its associated social actors and institutions. Socio-ecological systems are complex and adaptive and delimited by spatial or functional boundaries surrounding particular ecosystems and their problem context.

A socio-ecological system can be defined as:
... A coherent system of biophysical and social factors that regularly interact in a resilient, sustained manner;
... A system that is defined at several spatial, temporal, and organisational scales, which may be hierarchically linked;
... A set of critical resources (natural, socioeconomic, and cultural) whose flow and use is regulated by a combination of ecological and social systems; and
... A perpetually dynamic, complex system with continuous adaptation.

Scholars have used the concept of socio-ecological systems to emphasise the integrated concept of humans in nature and to stress that the delineation between social systems and ecological systems is artificial and arbitrary. Whilst resilience has somewhat different meaning in social and ecological context, the SES approach holds that social and ecological systems are linked through feedback mechanisms, and that both display resilience and complexity.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socio-ecological_system

The SeaFood Commons (SFC) is being launched as a DAO (Distributed Autonomous Organization) offering stakeholders governance, advanced collaboration and decision making tools, open standards for innovation.

We’ve taken a strong position that ‘The Oceans are a Solution’ The Oceans cover over 70% of the Earth’s surface, the Oceans are the definitive commons.

Our new Holon offering is an evolving economic model based on socio-ecological systems that are designed to ‘Heal the Tragedy of the Commons’

The Seafood Commons is intended to complement the implementation of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) – Preventive Controls for Human Foods, Preventive Controls for Animal Food, and the Foreign Supplier Verification Programs. The FSMA requires a supply-chain program for certain raw materials and other ingredients. This program is designed to address hazards requiring a supply-chain-applied control.

Powerful, digital technologies are emerging that can reduce costs across large sectors of the seafood industry, with far-reaching implications for society in the first half of the 21st Century.

In a seamless twenty-first-century intelligent infrastructure — the Internet of Things (IoT) will connect every-thing with everyone in an integrated global network. Anyone will be able to access the IoT and use Big Data and analytics to develop predictive algorithms that can dramatically increase productivity and reduce the marginal cost of producing and delivering a full range of products and services.

“We are just beginning to glimpse the bare outlines of an emerging new economic system--the collaborative commons,” explains economist Jeremy Rifkin, the New York Times bestselling author of The Zero Marginal Cost Society.

“This is the first new economic paradigm to emerge on the world scene since the advent of capitalism and socialism in the early 19th century. So it's a remarkable historical event.”

The emergence of the Collaborative Commons

Connecting all stakeholders from catch to consumer.

By treating the consumer as a stakeholder, technology can be used as a tool of empowerment to establish trust.

Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data will connect everyone and allow for a deeper understanding and analysis of the industry.

New technologies will lead to reduced costs, increased productivity, and improved food safety.

The Great Transition

The term Great Transition was first introduced by the Global Scenario Group (GSG), a faculty international body of scientists convened in 1995 by the Tellus Institute and Stockholm Environment Institute to examine the requirements for a transition to a sustainable global society.

The GSG set out to describe and analyze scenarios for the future of the earth as it entered a Planetary phase of civilization. The GSG's scenario analysis resulted in a series of reports, and its findings were summarized for a non-technical audience in the essay Great Transition: the Promise and Lure of the Times Ahead.

Since its introduction, the term 'Great Transition' has often been used by organizations or individuals in the environmental/sustainability domain to describe a paradigmatic shift of civilization towards the behaviors and values that would be necessary for a sustainable global civilization to flourish.

According to the GSG, an environmental organization that specializes in scenario analysis and forecasting our world is shifting into the planetary phase of civilization. Proponents state that increasing global interdependence and risks, such as climate change, are binding the world into a unitary socio-ecological system. This unprecedented condition signals a historic shift from the period of modernity, characterized by sovereign states, perennial growth of population and economies, abundant resources, and disregard for environmental impacts.

The Planetary Phase has many manifestations: economic globalization, biospheric destabilization, mass migration, new global institutions (like the United Nations and the World Trade Organization), the Internet, new forms of transboundary conflict, and shifts in culture and consciousness.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Transition

World Economic Forum - Realizing Potential of Blockchain

Distributed ledger technology promises to have far-reaching economic and social implications. By leveraging a global peer network to assure directly and transparently the integrity of value exchanged between parties, blockchain appears likely to transform a number of important industries that supply or rely upon third-party assurance. It could prove to be a broader force for transparency and integrity in society, including in the fight against bribery and corruption. It could also lead to extensive changes in supply chains and governmental functions, such as central banking.
Source: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Realizing_Potential_Blockchain.pdf

Focus on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Commons Action the Commons Cluster for the United Nations
... Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
... Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
... Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
... Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
... Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
... Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development

Although these SDGs centre on public goods, rooted in Nature—water, sanitation and energy–and commons goods–-terrestrial ecosystems, forests, deserts and biodiversity–, no mention is made of Nature or the Environment in the human-centred 2018 theme itself which is: Transformation toward sustainable and resilient societies.
Source: http://www.commonsactionfortheunitednations.org
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
State of the Seafood Industry

The seafood industry contributes US$230 billion to the global economy, creating jobs that support to 8% of the world’s population.

One billion people rely on fish as their primary source of protein. The ocean provides more than half of our oxygen. Healthy fish populations keep the ocean healthy.

Through habitat destruction, overfishing, and pollution, the ocean is losing the ability to provide the benefits that humans have come to rely on: food, livelihoods, and climate regulation. This is happening in the face of a rapidly changing climate and acidification of seawater, which is reducing the ability of the ocean to absorb carbon and to regulate global temperatures and local weather patterns.

Global Industry

In the 52 year period from 1951 to 2013 global production increased from under 40,000kt to 140,000kt. The majority of growth was in the freshwater category.

From under three million metric tons in 1960, aquaculture has grown to overtake wild caught in 2012. Wild caught has remained in a stable range since 1994. Since 1960 over 80% of growth in world-wide aquaculture has been in Asia. More than 84 percent of aquaculture now comes from Asia.

Susceptible to habitat destruction, overfishing, and pollution. Climate and acidification of seawater threaten our oceans and food supply. Regulation and technological advancements are needed to maintain the ecosystem.

Oceans in Crisis

The journal Science published a four-year study in November 2006, which predicted that, at prevailing trends, the world would run out of wild-caught seafood in 2048. The scientists stated that the decline was a result of overfishing, pollution and other environmental factors that were reducing the population of fisheries at the same time as their ecosystems were being annihilated. This is a crisis for the industry and the global population in general.

Clearly this is a crisis for the industry and the global population in general. Developing and sharing regenerative aquaculture practices is not only innovative but is essential to our future.

Below are some of the key concerns affecting the world’s oceans:
... Ocean acidification
... Extensive fraud
... Lack of transparency
... Overfishing
... Environmental degradation
... Plastics
... Loss of biodiversity
... Human rights violations
... Uneven international enforcement
... Increasing piracy issues

Will marine productivity wane?

If marine algae are impaired severely by global climate change, the resulting reduction in marine primary production would strongly affect marine life and the ocean's biological pump that sequesters substantial amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the ocean's interior. Most studies, including the latest generation of Earth system models, project only moderate global decreases in biological production until 2100 (1, 2), suggesting that these concerns are unwarranted. But on page 1139 of this issue, Moore et al. (3) show that this conclusion might be shortsighted and that there may be much larger long-term changes in ocean productivity than previously appreciated.
Source: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6380/1103
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Commons

The Tragedy of the Commons

Unchecked and unregulated depletion of shared resources leads to ecological collapse.

Technology will also allow for greater collaboration which will lead to the innovation of new aquaculture techniques and regenerative practices.

The tragedy of the commons is a term used in social science to describe a situation in a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently according to their own self-interest behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting or spoiling that resource through their collective action. In this modern economic context, commons is taken to mean any shared and unregulated resource such as atmosphere, oceans, rivers, fish stocks, or even an office refrigerator.

It has been argued that the very term 'tragedy of the Commons' is a misnomer, since 'the commons' referred to land resources with rights jointly owned by members of a community, and no individual outside the community had any access to the resource. However, the term is now used in social science and economics when describing a problem where all individuals have equal and open access to a resource. Hence, 'tragedy of open access regimes' or simply 'the open access problem' are more apt terms.

The 'tragedy of the commons' is often cited in connection with sustainable development, meshing economic growth and environmental protection, as well as in the debate over global warming. It has also been used in analyzing behavior in the fields of economics, evolutionary psychology, anthropology, game theory, politics, taxation and sociology.

Although common resource systems have been known to collapse due to overuse (such as in overfishing), many examples have existed and still do exist where members of a community with access to a common resource co-operate or regulate to exploit those resources prudently without collapse.

The metaphor illustrates the argument that free access and unrestricted demand for a finite resource ultimately reduces the resource through over-exploitation, temporarily or permanently. This occurs because the benefits of exploitation accrue to individuals or groups, each of whom is motivated to maximize use of the resource to the point in which they become reliant on it, while the costs of the exploitation are borne by all those to whom the resource is available (which may be a wider class of individuals than those who are exploiting it). This, in turn, causes demand for the resource to increase, which causes the problem to snowball until the resource collapses (even if it retains a capacity to recover). The rate at which depletion of the resource is realized depends primarily on three factors: the number of users wanting to consume the common in question, the consumptiveness of their uses, and the relative robustness of the common.

The same concept is sometimes called the 'tragedy of the fishers', because fishing too many fish before or during breeding could cause stocks to plummet.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons

New technology will have the ability to create a ‘network of trust’ in order to put an end to black market fishing and other harmful practices.

Transitioning from national government authority with differing priorities to informed stakeholder interests will empower global cooperation, standards, and innovation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vision

Healing the Tragedy of the Commons

Proven solutions to this problem can be scaled by creating stakeholders that share resources offering:
... Mathematically backed long-term public benefit.
... Shared knowledge and better management of our oceans to produce higher, healthier yield.

Design principles for Common Pool Resource (CPR) institution

Elinor Ostrom’s Nobel Prize winning research “disproving the tragedy of the commons” in communities of practice contexts. Applied behavioral economic methods for participatory trust of scientific information and policy decision making.

Ostrom identified eight 'design principles' of stable local common pool resource management:
... Clearly defined (clear definition of the contents of the common pool resource and effective exclusion of external un-entitled parties);
... The appropriation and provision of common resources that are adapted to local conditions;
... Collective-choice arrangements that allow most resource appropriators to participate in the decision-making process;
... Effective monitoring by monitors who are part of or accountable to the appropriators;
... A scale of graduated sanctions for resource appropriators who violate community rules;
... Mechanisms of conflict resolution that are cheap and of easy access;
... Self-determination of the community recognized by higher-level authorities; and
... In the case of larger common-pool resources, organization in the form of multiple layers of nested enterprises, with small local CPRs at the base level.

These principles have since been slightly modified and expanded to include a number of additional variables believed to affect the success of self-organized governance systems, including effective communication, internal trust and reciprocity, and the nature of the resource system as a whole.

Ostrom and her many co-researchers have developed a comprehensive 'Social-Ecological Systems (SES) framework', within which much of the still-evolving theory of common-pool resources and collective self-governance is now located.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom

The SeaFood Commons will:
... Disseminate best practices (catch / maximizing the yield, etc.)
... Work towards stakeholder-based regulations
... Lead social responsibility
... Develop empowerment of small businesses
... Facilitate common taxonomy
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Value of Potential

Ecosystems Create Real Value

The value of potential can be seen as a function of the sustainability of the oceans.

Rather than simply looking at the world through the eyes of profit and loss accounting, it is necessary to adapt an asset based approach. By using this asset based approach, environmental and social capital can be taken into account when evaluating the value of the commons. This view achieves brings sustainability into the accounting equation and leads to the solution for the tragedy of the commons.

Positive and negative actions are broken down into ecosystem services. In the absence of humans, most of these services have positive effects (such as trees transforming CO2 into oxygen). However, humans cannot transform their actions into net positive ecosystem services on their own. The Seafood Commons shall educate the industry as a whole with the goal of achieving positive ecosystem services and sustainably turning natural capital into financial capital. An increase in net positive ecosystem services can be seen as a form of potential energy. When the oceans are of high potential (cleaner water, healthier fish, etc...) then more profit (such as catch and shipping) and be drawn from them.

According to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, future trajectories of all fisheries can be described with the following equation and graph:

Bt+1=Bt+( (ϕ+1) / ϕ ) gBt(1−(Bt/K)ϕ)−Ht

... B = Biomass.
... K = Carrying capacity.
... Φ = growth parameter. Setting to 0.188 simulates B at maximum sustainable yield (MSY) at 40% of K.
... Ht = Harvest at year t.
... g = Maximum sustainable yield / Biomass at maximum sustainable yield.

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/03/22/1520420113

How to save the world’s fisheries:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-plan-to-save-the-worlds-fisheries/2016/03/28/8ad38528-f52b-11e5-a3ce-f06b5ba21f33_story.html?utm_term=.3a968f2a4d9a
By Editorial Board March 28, 2016

FIRST, THE bad news: The world’s fisheries, which feed billions of people, are in serious decline. The authors of a study released Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences examined 4,713 fisheries, accounting for 78 percent of the world’s annual catch, and found that only a third were in decent biological shape.

But there is good news: It is possible to reverse this trend, and in a surprisingly short amount of time.
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/03/22/1520420113
http://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/early/2016/03/22/1520420113.full.pdf

Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Meta-bolism

The Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM) is an innovative approach to accounting that integrates quantitative information generated by distinct types of conventional models based on different dimensions and scales of analysis. It builds on several innovative concepts derived from Bioeconomics and Complex Systems Theory, such as the flow-fund model, multi-purpose grammars and impredicative loop analysis. The application of these concepts allows the simultaneous use of technical, economic, social, demographic, and ecological variables in the analysis of the metabolic pattern of modern societies, even if these variables are defined within different dimensions of analysis and non-equivalent descriptive domains and refer to different hierarchical levels and scales.

Given this special feature, MuSIASEM allows us to effectively analyze the nexus between energy, food, and water, considering heterogeneous factors such as population dynamics, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land-use changes at the national or sub-national level. The accounting system is able to integrate data from national statistics and/or other readily available datasets (e.g., FAO Food Balance Sheets) with data from Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It can be employed for diagnostic as well as for simulation purposes.


... As diagnostic tool, the accounting system is used to characterize the existing metabolic pattern of the socio-economic system under analysis by providing integrated information on: Population, workforce, technological capital, managed land, and total available land (defined as fund elements);
... Flows of food, energy, water, and money (defined as flow elements). For each of these flows we define the total requirement, the fraction for internal consumption, the losses, the degree of self-sufficiency (internal supply), and imports and exports.
... A series of flow/fund ratios characterizing the rate (per hour of human activity) and density (per hectare of managed land) of the above flows across different scales (including the whole society and each one of the lower-level compartments defined in the accounting scheme, such as the various economic sectors). These ratios are then compared against reference values describing ‘typical’ socio-economic systems.
Source: http://www.nexus-assessment.info/index.php/methodology/concepts
http://www.nexus-assessment.info/index.php/slideshows

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_economics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource_economics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_economics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_economics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_cost
https://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Experimental-Economics-John-Kagel/dp/0691058970

Web 3.0 - Peer to Peer

Data to users:
... Information is owned by the users, and provided to corporations, businesses, or services who hope to benefit the user
... Censorship resistance: No government, company, or institution should control your access to information
... Align users and platforms: Create ‘crypto-networks’ where users and platforms creators have symbiotic, instead of competitive, relationships
... Transparent, open networks:
... ... “First, the contract between cryptonetworks and their participants is enforced in open source code.
... ... Second, they are kept in check through mechanisms for ‘voice’ and ‘exit.’” — Chris Dixon
... Global interactivity: The ability to transact value, information, or assets, large or small, with anyone with internet, anywhere, for a low cost
... Self-sovereign identity: Giving you the ability to own, see, and understand your entire digital identity (see: uPort website)
... Push, not pull: ‘Push’ your information to trusted sources, instead of ‘pulling’ from other sources who ultimately own the data
Source: https://media.consensys.net/a-warm-welcome-to-web3-89d49e61a7c5 Action

Transition scenarios are descriptions of future states which combine a future image with an account of the changes that would need to occur to reach that future. These two elements are often created in a two-step process where the future image is created first (envisioning) followed by an exploration of the alternative pathways available to reach the future goal (backcasting). Both these processes can use participatory techniques (Raskin et al., 2002) where participants of varying backgrounds and interests are provided with an open and supportive group environment to discuss different contributing elements and actions.

Transition scenarios are also process oriented focusing on the ability of different stakeholders and participants to communicate and imagine their desired future within the discussion groups. Through this participatory process participants are encouraged to change mindset and attitude to think from a long-term perspective. Specific focus on various feasible topics will increase participants' knowledge of the topic area and the alternatives available in its context. These lessons may eventually be internalised within participants resulting in a social learning process.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_scenario

Collaborative Industry Commons

How to save world fisheries
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NB8g-CzA8fqNSe9XUlR3dvPn-JuWehOzUW7-QYhh_7w/edit

Nutrition, hunger, economic improvement
https://theconversation.com/let-them-eat-carp-fish-farms-are-helping-to-fight-hunger-90421?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=facebookbutton https://theconversation.com/how-a-tiny-portion-of-the-worlds-oceans-could-help-meet-global-seafood-demand-82680
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interoperable Standards

'When you have common interfaces and common protocols, everyone can innovate and interoperate. Companies can build their businesses, consumers can expand their choices, technology moves forward faster, and users get more benefit...'

'The world is getting smaller on a daily basis. Hardware, software, and content move independent of, and irrespective of, international boundaries. As that increasingly happens, the need to have commonality and interoperability grows. We need standards so that the movie made in China or India plays in the equipment delivered in the United States, or the Website in the United States plays on the computer in China.'

Global Dialog on Seafood Traceability

The Global Dialogue on Seafood Traceability is an international, business-to-business platform established to advance a unified framework for interoperable seafood traceability practices. The Dialogue brings together a broad spectrum of seafood industry stakeholders from across different parts of the supply chain, as well as relevant civil society experts from diverse regions. Source: https://traceability-dialogue.org

Blockchain in Transport Alliance

The Blockchain in Transport Alliance is the first of its kind; a standards organization by the trucking industry FOR the trucking industry.

Members of BiTA come from every facet of the industry: tech vendors, OEMs, tier-1 suppliers, consultants, banks, carriers, shippers, and brokers.

Members of BiTA know that blockchain is the way of the future, an industry changing technology that will revolutionize the way people do business. BiTA wants to usher in this change in a uniform way that will benefit the entire industry.
Source: https://bita.studio

GS1 Standards (Traceability and Barcode)

GS1 Standards are the shared language businesses use to sell, grow, remain competitive, and even reinvent themselves. They allow you to easily identify, manage, and share product data with your trading partners, supply chains, and customers to streamline operations, cut costs, and deliver richer, more satisfying customer experiences.
Source: https://www.gs1us.org

GRI - Global Reporting Initiative

The GRI Standards are the first global standards for sustainability reporting. They feature a modular, interrelated structure, and represent the global best practice for reporting on a range of economic, environmental and social impacts.
Source: https://www.globalreporting.org

Internet Society

Home to four standards setting bodies:
... the Internet Engineering Task Force,
... the Internet Architecture Board,
... the Internet Engineering Steering Group, and
... the Internet Research Task Force

Creates and encourages active implementation of standards like TCP/IP, used by every internet connected device

The Internet Society played a huge role in making the internet a household commodity by employing the best minds in the industry

Without a standards organization in place, the internet would be a fragmented unstable mess

Source: http://internetsociety.ong (maintains Internet of Food SIG) http://internet-of-food.org

IEEE

IEEE and its members inspire a global community to innovate for a better tomorrow through its more than 423,000 members in over 160 countries, and its highly cited publications, conferences, technology standards, and professional and educational activities. IEEE is the trusted “voice” for engineering, computing, and technology information around the globe. Source: https://www.ieee.org

IEEE - Collabratec

A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. IEEE collaboration system:
Source: https://ieee-collabratec.ieee.org

Additional Relevant Standards and Organizations (partial list)

Seafood Watch Standards for Fisheries and Aquaculture
https://www.seafoodwatch.org/seafood-recommendations/standards-revision

BRC Global Standard for Food
https://www.brcglobalstandards.com

BRC Global Standard for Storage and Distribution

BRC Global Standard for Agents and Brokers

BRC Global Standard for Packaging and Packaging Materials

ISO 22000
https://www.iso.org/iso-22000-food-safety-management.html

IoP Due Diligence
https://globalfoodsafetyresource.com/brc-iop-packaging-standard

SALSA
https://www.ifst.org/accreditation-schemes/safe

PDO
https://www.scribd.com/doc/197638697/PDO-Guide-to-Engineering-Standards-and-Procedures

IFS
https://www.ifst.org/accreditation-schemes/safe

Red Tractor
https://www.redtractor.org.uk/choose-site

Organic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_certification

Halal
http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y2770E/y2770e08.htm
http://www.intertek.com/news/2006/11-25-halal/

Kosher
http://www.ok.org
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Modern Paradigm for Standards is shaped by adherence to the following five principles:

1. Cooperation Respectful cooperation between standards organizations, whereby each respects the autonomy, integrity, processes, and intellectual property rules of the others.

2. Adherence to Principles

Adherence to the five fundamental principles of standards development:
... Due process. Decisions are made with equity and fairness among participants. No one party dominates or guides standards development. Standards processes are transparent and opportunities exist to appeal decisions. Processes for periodic standards review and updating are well defined.
... Broad consensus. Processes allow for all views to be considered and addressed, such that agreement can be found across a range of interests.
... Transparency. Standards organizations provide advance public notice of proposed standards development activities, the scope of work to be undertaken, and conditions for participation. Easily accessible records of decisions and the materials used in reaching those decisions are provided. Public comment periods are provided before final standards approval and adoption.
... Balance. Standards activities are not exclusively dominated by any particular person, company or interest group.
... Openness. Standards processes are open to all interested and informed parties.

3. Collective Empowerment

Commitment by affirming standards organizations and their participants to collective empowerment by striving for standards that:
... are chosen and defined based on technical merit, as judged by the contributed expertise of each participant;
... provide global interoperability, scalability, stability, and resiliency;
... enable global competition;
... serve as building blocks for further innovation; and
... contribute to the creation of global communities, benefiting humanity.

4. Availability

Standards specifications are made accessible to all for implementation and deployment. Affirming standards organizations have defined procedures to develop specifications that can be implemented under fair terms. Given market diversity, fair terms may vary from royalty-free to fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory terms (FRAND).

5. Voluntary Adoption

Standards are voluntarily adopted and success is determined by the market.

We facilitate the development of market driven standards that are global and open—enabling standards without borders and driving innovation for the benefit of all humanity.

Interoperable standards on traceability (transparency from catch to supplier to wholesaler to the consumer).

Make traceability affordable to small players in the industry as well as large players (equal playing field).

Regulations enforced in code using smart contract technology.

Governance Organization

Transition management is a governance approach that aims to facilitate and accelerate sustainability transitions through a participatory process of visioning, learning and experimenting. In its application, transition management seeks to bring together multiple viewpoints and multiple approaches in a 'transition arena'. Participants are invited to structure their shared problems with the current system and develop shared visions and goals which are then tested for practicality through the use of experimentation, learning and reflexivity. The model is often discussed in reference to sustainable development and the possible use of the model as a method for change.

Key principles to transition management as a form of governance: seeks to widen participation by taking a multi-actor approach in order to encompass societal values and beliefs takes a long-term perspective (between 1-3 generations) creating a basket of visions in which short-term objectives can be identified focused on learning at the niche level, experiments are used to identify how successful a particular pathway could be and uses the concept of 'Learn by doing, doing by learning' a systems thinking approach which identifies that problems will span multiple domains, levels and actors. Distributed Autonomous Industry Sociocracy, also known as dynamic governance, is a system of governance which seeks to achieve solutions that create harmonious social environments as well as productive organizations and businesses. It is distinguished by the use of consent rather than majority voting in decision-making, and decision-making after discussion by people who know each other. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociocracy http://www.dynamic-governance.org/library/resource-library/sociocratic-principles-methods/ World Economics Forum Governance Considerations

The internet is a network of similar networks. The blockchain is a ledger of different and sometimes competing ledgers
... Decentralized doesn’t mean disorganized
... Without governance, invisible powers could emerge
... The need for industry standards as soon as possible
... Premature anointment of any protocol as an industry standard

People Centric.io - comprehensive Platform
... Collaboration, consensus
... Voting
... Private Social Network
... Collaborative Blogging
... ERP
... Geolocation
... Universal sovereign identification
... Conflict resolution
... Enhanced Decision-making
... Ulula connects businesses, workers, communities and governments to de-risk operations and create value across global supply chains. http://ulula.com/
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Holon ICO

The Holon Economics are an

Invest in and measure the health of the oceans

Holon - Systems based approach to the economics of the health of the oceans and seafood industry in general.

Based on the future value of a healthy productive ecosystem versus an exploited one, investors benefit as regenerative practices are introduced and local economies thrive. Offers a significant reduction in the transaction cost of global remittance through cryptocurrency.

Recent advances in our understanding of global fishery status (1⇓⇓–4) provide a foundation for estimating the targets for, and potential benefits from, global fishery recovery. Although existing aggregate estimates make a compelling general case for reform (5, 6) new data, models, and methods allow for more detailed analysis of the benefits and trade-offs of contrasting management regimes. Indeed, emerging empirical evidence shows that effective reforms and scientific assessments taken by some countries have already placed their fisheries on a positive path. Reforms span a range of approaches, from scientifically informed harvest policies to institutional reforms that restructure the incentives in a fishery to align profits with conservation. In many cases, these changes have successfully reduced fishing effort to sustainable levels and stabilized overfished stocks. These cases of successful management contain lessons that can be applied more broadly and also suggest that effects of fishery reform will differ across fisheries, nations, and reform policies. However, these new data, models, and lessons learned have never been synthesized to inform the future potential from global fishery recovery.

Creating a positive balance sheet

Our model allows us to make novel predictions of the timing of fishery status into the future under alternative management approaches. If the BAU policy is applied to all fisheries, the proportion below a recovery target of 0.8BMSYBMSY (see ref. 25 and SI Appendix) rises from 53% today to 88% in 2050 and the proportion experiencing fishing pressure above FMSYFMSY rises from 64% to 84%. These values are consistent with those of Quaas et al. (26), who estimate declines under BAU for all stocks studied, with an estimated biological decline of about 77%. We find that, if reform efforts are put in place now, the median time to recovery would be just 10 y, and by midcentury, the vast majority (98%) of stocks could be biologically healthy and in a strong position to supply the food and livelihoods on which the world will increasingly rely.

The Nexus between Energy, Food, Land Use, and Water

Application of a Multi-Scale Integrated Approach

Three conceptual tools derived from complexity theory

The system of accounting of MuSIASEM is further based on three conceptual tools derived from complex systems theory:

Multi-level/Multi-scale accounting (T.F.H. Allen’s Hierarchy Theory): Society is viewed and analyzed as a nested hierarchical system using the concept of “holon” developed by Arthur Koestler. Each component of the system (e.g., the agricultural sector) is part of a larger whole (e.g. the paid work sector), which is in turn part of a still larger whole (e.g. the society) embedded in an even larger process determining boundary conditions (e.g. large-scale ecological processes). At the same time, each part can be analyzed by looking at its lower-level components (the paid work sector is composed of the agricultural sector, energy sector, service sector, etc.), which in turn can be analyzed in still smaller parts. The definition of the identity of the various components at the different scales is based on the identification of a structural and functional relation (the holon) that can be seen (in different ways) from both the higher (as a function) and lower (as a structure) hierarchical level.

Multi-purpose grammar (from R. Rosen’s modeling relation): A grammar is different from a model in the sense that it provides a description based on an expected set of relations over semantic categories and then it establishes an expected set of relations between semantic and formal categories (data and formal systems of inference). For this reason a grammar is semantically open (e.g., “cheap labour” can be formalized in different ways depending on the year and type of society; the categories describing activities in the agricultural sector can be chosen using different criteria of accuracy). A multi-purpose grammar defines the relevant characteristics of the system as depending on other characteristics and therefore can be tailored and calibrated to specific situations and adjusted to include new relevant qualities in the analysis.

Impredicative loop analysis (from theoretical ecology – R. Ulanowicz): Unlike conventional (linear) deterministic models, MuSIASEM accommodates the chicken-egg predicament typically encountered in the description of complex systems. Having established a relation between the characteristics of the whole and those of the parts of the system in semantic terms, we formalize the grammar in quantitative terms (using proxy variables) by generating a set of forced relations of congruence between the characteristics of the parts and those of the whole. These forced relations of congruence imply that the characteristics of the parts must be compatible with those of the whole and vice-versa, but they do not define a linear causal relation (hence the label “impredicative”).

The application of a multi-purpose grammar to perform an impredicative loop analysis across the nested hierarchical organization of the system makes it possible to construct a multi-level, multi dimensional matrix that shows strong similarities with the popular Sudoku game. Indeed, when discussing the option space (i.e., possible scenarios of change) of a system whose metabolic pattern has been characterized in this way, we can identify the existence of a series of congruence constraints across levels (characteristics of parts/characteristics of whole) and, at the same time, congruence constraints across dimensions (money flows, water flows, energy flows, technical requirements, labour requirements). The definition of these constraints is similar to the rules for a Sudoku grid. Source: http://www.nexus-assessment.info/index.php/methodology/concepts

Including Cost Externalizing

Fundamentally, cost externalization occurs when a company transfers some of its moral responsibilities as costs to the community directly or as degradation to the environment. For example, railroads and airlines transfer the cost of fuel, noise, and terminal infrastructure to the community. Airlines and auto manufacturers transfer the cost of degraded air quality to the community and the environment. By externalizing to the community or the environment, many true costs become lost in analysis because the true cost is non-quantifiable and neither the community nor the environment have effective advocates to recoup the damages. A major modern theme in the relationship of business to society is the society's ability (or inability) to resist this kind of externalization. In its extreme, society collapses as business realizes its profits.

Voluntary exchange is by definition mutually beneficial to both business parties involved, because the parties would not agree to undertake it if either thought it detrimental to their interests. However, a transaction can cause effects on third parties without their knowledge or consent. From the perspective of those affected, these effects may be negative (pollution from a nearby factory), or positive (honey bees kept for honey that also pollinate neighboring crops). Neoclassical welfare economics asserts that, under plausible conditions, the existence of externalities will result in outcomes that are not socially optimal. Those who suffer from external costs do so involuntarily, whereas those who enjoy external benefits do so at no cost.

A voluntary exchange may reduce societal welfare if external costs exist. The person who is affected by the negative externalities in the case of air pollution will see it as lowered utility: either subjective displeasure or potentially explicit costs, such as higher medical expenses. The externality may even be seen as a trespass on their lungs, violating their property rights. Thus, an external cost may pose an ethical or political problem. Alternatively, it might be seen as a case of poorly defined property rights, as with, for example, pollution of bodies of water that may belong to no one (either figuratively, in the case of publicly owned, or literally, in some countries and/or legal traditions).

On the other hand, a positive externality would increase the utility of third parties at no cost to them. Since collective societal welfare is improved, but private providers would have no way of monetizing the benefit, less of the good will be produced than would be optimal for society as a whole in a theoretical model with no government. Goods with positive externalities include education (believed to increase societal productivity and well-being, though some benefits are internalized in the form of higher wages), public health initiatives (which may reduce the health risks and costs for third parties for such things as transmittable diseases) and law enforcement.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externality
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Holon - Systems Framework
Extraction fees
Externalizations
Doughnut economics
Planetary Boundaries
Resource Based Economy
True Value Accounting
Thermal Economics
Ecological Economics
Open Innovation
Regenerative Agriculture
Etc
Revenue Generation
Risk Factors
Team
Partners
Ambrosus
World Ocean Observatory
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
REFERENCES

http://www.greattransition.org/documents/Journey-to-Earthland.pdf

http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/analysis/2015/11/20/satellite-tracking-can-unmask-illegal-fishing-vessels

How to save the world’s fisheries
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NB8g-CzA8fqNSe9XUlR3dvPn-JuWehOzUW7-QYhh_7w/edit#

Global fishery prospects under contrasting management regimes
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/03/22/1520420113

Thermographic
https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/CMD/Reference-Materials/WP-80078-Chromeleon-CDS-21-CFR-Part-11-WP80078-EN.pdf

PEMSEA
http://pemsea.org/news/pemsea-welcomes-new-executive-director - Masters in Env Eco

Zeitgeist film series,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Joseph

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Documentary_films_about_environmental_issues

Platform ecology
https://stories.platformdesigntoolkit.com/exploring-ecosystems-the-patterns-of-platformization-6dd0eb6f95f3

Transparency
https://www.facebook.com/blockchaintechnology/videos/2003809969876576/

FOAM
https://foam.space/
https://blog.foam.space/

Search
https://www.algolia.com/

Humaniq
https://humaniq.com/

Statistical Learning
https://www.datasciencecentral.com/profiles/blogs/data-science-simplified-key-concepts-of-statistical-learning?utm_content=bufferae3e7&utm_medium=social

People
https://www.linkedin.com/in/eddankatz/ - WEF

OER
https://careframework.org/2018/03/04/toward-a-sustainable-oer-ecosystem-the-care-framework/

Human rights tech platform Ulula nets $1 mln in seed funding http://ulula.com/
https://www.pehub.com/canada/2018/01/human-rights-tech-platform-ulula-nets-1-mln-in-seed-funding/

Manu Kabahizi
https://www.linkedin.com/in/manuka/

Good governance
http://www.somalilandggacc.com/key-principles-of-good-governance-in-the-public-sector/

SDGs / Education
https://medium.com/age-of-awareness/education-for-meaningful-sustainability-and-regeneration-418941dd4c25

Science Direct Fish processing
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/fish-processing
https://www.maritechseafood.com/en/maritech-solutions/solutions/industrial-automation-iot

Advisory Board - outreach:

Eddan Katz -
https://www.linkedin.com/in/eddankatz/ - Protocol Design Networks, Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution at World Economic Forum - World Economic Forum - Yale Law School