TrueValueMetrics ... Impact Accounting for the 21st Century

Date: 2025-04-03 Page is: DBtxt003.php txt00027356

PASSENGER RAIL A MAJOR OVERVIEW OF HIGH SPEED RAIL Mosaic Insights: How Egypt Beat the US to High Speed Rail ... also other countries including the USA PLAY YOUTUBE VIDEO Original article: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-SxwM5CGCQ Peter Burgess COMMENTARY Peter Burgess
How Egypt Beat the US to High Speed Rail Mosaic Insights Aug 19, 2024 70 subscribers ... 2,430 views ... 125 likes #africanews #megaproject #egypt Egypt's efforts to build the sixth largest high-speed rail system in the world are groundbreaking. From connecting key cities like Cairo and Alexandria to improving transportation efficiency and reducing carbon emissions, Egypt tackles the challenge of infrastructure development. It's useful to compare the situation in Egypt to the United States, discussing why the US lags behind in high-speed rail and the potential benefits it could bring. Enjoy exclusive access and sneak peaks to future videos at my Patreon. / mosaicinsights Special thanks to MapTiler, OpenStreetMap Contributors, and GEOlayers 00:00 Introduction 01:04 History of Egypt's Trains 03:25 Upgrading to High Speed Rail 07:54 History of American Railroads 10:24 Acela and Brightline 13:08 Obstacles to US High Speed Rail 15:27 California High Speed Rail 19:56 Final Thoughts #egypt #highspeedtrain #megaproject #train #trains #newadministrativecapital #africanews #siemens #highspeedrail Chapters Transcript Introduction 0:00 Egypt is building the sixth largest high-speed rail system in the world and they are making staggering progress Egyptian footage shows dozens of stations Rising near cities and through the desert a pathway can be seen being cleared from near the Red Sea straight through the mountains in order to connect to Egypt's new administrative Capital then the line will stretch through Cairo Beyond Alexandria past El alamin and finish Westward throughout Egypt's North Coast up into Mora a second phase has been planned to extend from Cairo all the way down south towards luot and Aswan and there are even talks to build bridges over the Red Sea to connect Egypt's Sinai Peninsula to the network over 2,000 km of High-Speed Rail are to be laid ranking Egypt number six in the world for countries with the most kilometers of High-Speed Rail trailing just behind Japan it is a huge undertaking not unlike Egypt's massive plans to build a new capital which is the largest planned city ever and yet history has repeatedly shown us that Egyptians are no strangers when when it comes to ambitious 1:01 construction projects Egypt is the most populated History of Egypt's Trains country in the Middle East boasting a population of 114 million people which is expected to reach 160 million people by 2050 it is the second largest economy in Africa as a result the country is in desperate need for Quality infrastructure to facilitate the movement of all its people Egypt was the first country in Africa to construct a railroad back in the mid 1800s but what you might have not not known is that Egypt has the second oldest rail line in the world the railway connected Alexandria Egypt's major port city on the Mediterranean Sea with the capital Cairo and then extended Southward along the N River to the city of Suz the completion of Egypt's first railroad brought about profound changes to the country it facilitated the movement of goods boosted trade and commerce and also enabled people to travel more easily and quickly between major cities access to rail fostered greater cultural exchange and economic growth laying the 2:00 groundwork for Egypt's modernization and development over time Egypt's railroad Network expanded connecting additional cities and regions within the country and contributing to its integration into the global economy moving an average of 1.4 million passengers each weekday Egyptian rail has one of the highest traffic densities in the world logging about 360 million passengers per year pre pandemic 60% of 2:28 the 10,000 km Network is concentrated in 2:30 the Delta and along the Nile reaching 2:33 most of the Egyptian population 2:35 including fairly small cities and towns 2:37 it is a reliable form of transportation 2:40 even for the third of Egyptians living 2:41 below the poverty line but since its 2:44 Inception Egypt's railwood 2:45 infrastructure has deteriorated considerably hundreds of train accidents occur every year and train de rement are not uncommon illegal Crossings old locomotives and the theft of train tracks have left the system struggling Egypt lost 7 billion Egyptian pounds in 3:01 2017 as a result of thefts of tracks on its Railway according to L jid the Egyptian Railways commission monitors and governs the country's rail system it has been forced to replace the stolen tracks in order to allow trains to continue running following the thefts in 2017 at least seven train accidents took place across Egypt the majority as a 3:22 result of missing tracks and Equipment 3:24 which had been stolen the system is in Upgrading to High Speed Rail 3:26 desperate need of an upgrade and to be 3:28 fair the Egyptian government has 3:30 reinvested back into their light 3:31 Regional Rail lines new Togo trains have 3:34 been commissioned to increase efficiency 3:36 and safety passengers also now 3:38 experience brand new stations upon 3:40 entrance and exit and the overall system 3:42 just looks a lot better than it did a 3:43 few years ago however Egypt is not 3:46 stopping there the Egyptian government 3:48 is Seeking a transportation Revolution 3:50 and that is exactly what it is getting in 2018 Egypt announced its intentions to build a state-of-the-art highspeed rail system that can connect the country while also withstanding the country's dve climate Egypt's National Authority 4:01 for tunnels a government agency under the Ministry of Transportation has awarded a record $23 billion contract to a Consortium including Germany's Seamans mobility and local Egyptian firms Aras construction and the Arab contractors for a planned 2,000 km high-speed electrified rail line seens is a tech conglomerate that has proven that it can provide custom Rail and tram networks 4:24 that can function either in the harsh 4:26 qari heat or in the bitter Russian cold 4:29 Egypt seeks to work with an experienced 4:31 manufacturer and as a result the country 4:34 assigned a memorandum of understanding 4:36 with a German industrial giant this is 4:38 the biggest contract in Seaman history 4:41 with the share of the German 4:42 conglomerate amounting to around $8.7 4:44 billion Seamans will provide 41 valaro high-speed trains 94 to zero high-capacity Regional trains and 41 Vectron electric Freight locomotives according to seaman president and CEO Roland Bush This is the largest order in the company's history $23 billion is no 5:02 small sum for Egypt the entire budget for the government is around $97 billion a year so they're investing nearly 25% of their annual budget on this thing imagine for a second if America invested 25% of their annual budget on highspeed rail 25% of $6.1 trillion which is America's budget in 2023 would be $1.5 trillion do you feel it yet the unutilized potential and Improvement of 5:30 our society at large the ability to see 5:32 that cousin of yours in another state 5:34 with no vehicle traffic no TSA and no 5:37 need to wait for that one obnoxious guy 5:39 on the plane to unwedge his monstrous 5:41 carry-on from the overhead compartment 5:43 alas it's time to head out of Dreamland and to settle back into our sad sad reality phase one of the project entails construction of 660 km of rail with at least 18 stations orascom and the Arab contractors will carry out the tunneling and the track laying works for the line 6:00 that will link the port city of Anna on 6:02 the Red Sea to Alexandria and Mora matu 6:05 on the Mediterranean Sea according to 6:07 Seamans Egypt's National Authority for 6:08 tunnels will construct the bridges and 6:10 facilitate subc construction for the 6:12 project which is expected to create a 6:14 total of 18,800 jobs the new line will 6:17 reduce current travel time by half and 6:19 increase Egypt's volume of freight VIA 6:21 Rail by 15% up from the current 1.9% to 6:25 help understand this 1.9% number 6:27 consider that over 96% of of Freight in 6:30 Egypt is transported by trucks worsening 6:32 traffic on an already stressed roadway 6:34 infrastructure this means that this 6:36 additional Freight capacity in the new 6:38 High-Speed Rail will not only decrease 6:40 congestion by reducing the amount of 6:42 cars on the road but also by reducing 6:44 truck traffic since more free will 6:46 travel by rail the project will also 6:48 reduce overall energy usage and air 6:51 pollution by cutting emissions by at 6:52 least 70% in comparison to the current 6:55 emissions from car and bus 6:56 transportation according to arasol the 6:58 Consortium has also been awarded a 7:00 15-year maintenance contract for the 7:02 track works and telecommunication system 7:04 Seamans will install the power supply 7:06 system and the lion signaling system 7:08 based upon modern computer-based 7:10 interlocking technology the Consortium 7:12 is also planning two additional line 7:14 extensions with a combined length of 7:17 1,140 KM that will connect the greater 7:20 chirom Metropolitan region with the 7:21 cities of Aswan and luod and Southern 7:23 Egypt near Sudan and then Branch out to 7:26 another Eastern extension TOA up into 7:28 the Red Sea near safaya overall the 7:30 project will provide over 2,000 km of 7:33 High-Speed Rail with 60 stations spread 7:36 around the country according to seamons 7:38 significant progress has been made with 7:40 Egypt literally Moving Mountains to get 7:42 the job done impressively many stations 7:45 have already had their location selected 7:47 and their concrete foundations 7:48 constructed I mean just look at it you 7:51 could see the progress and the endgame 7:53 Vision so from the perspective of an History of American Railroads 7:55 American who sees Egypt's consistent 7:57 progress one is left wondering why is 8:00 the US lagging so far behind in the race 8:03 for High-Speed 8:04 Rail when it comes to technological 8:07 advancement you would not be mistaken to 8:09 think of the United States as a Pioneer 8:11 historically the US emerged as a world 8:14 power not only due to its op geographic 8:17 location but simply because it was a 8:19 first mover in terms of constructing 8:20 highways and paved roadways under 8:23 President Eisenhower's federal aid 8:24 Highway Act of 1956 other countries 8:27 realize the economical advantages of 8:29 roadway infrastructure and quickly 8:31 started developing their own Highway 8:32 systems one can even look back further 8:34 in history when the United States had 8:36 the most sophisticated rail systems in 8:38 the world complemented with an abundant 8:40 supply of forces to provide sufficient 8:42 public transit but when it comes to 8:44 Modern Railways and public 8:45 infrastructure America hosts nothing 8:47 short of neglected systems the United 8:50 States ranks 12th in terms of passengers 8:52 carried by rail transport per year now 8:54 when you think about efficient trains 8:56 the United States just doesn't come to 8:58 mind simply put America isn't really 9:00 that serious about efficient passenger 9:02 transport VIA Rail and the idea of 9:04 highspeed rail forget it the genzen 9:07 millennial Generations can only dream of 9:09 an America connected by quality 9:11 highspeed rail it is also important to 9:13 note that the US has one of the most 9:15 expansive Freight rail systems in the 9:17 world America relies on freight trains 9:20 to carry nearly 28% of the country's 9:22 Freight however American Freight is 9:25 dominated by four companies BNSF Union 9:28 Pacific CSX and Norfolk Southern these 9:32 are profit-driven companies who only 9:34 bother improving anything if it would 9:36 improve their bottom line some Americans 9:39 even consider the feasibility of 9:40 rationalizing the freight railroads in 9:42 order to change the way we View track 9:44 infrastructure and treat it more like 9:46 how we treat the USPS as a service but 9:48 for now Americans are stuck with the 9:50 oligopoly calling the shots and because 9:53 of this High-Speed Rail bullet trains 9:55 cannot run on the current tracks even 9:57 Freight cannot really run officially on 9:58 the current tracks if we're being honest 10:00 just look at the record for Freight rail 10:02 the tracks physically can't handle more 10:04 trains because the current lines are 10:05 already busy with all of the freight and 10:08 since the freight companies who own them 10:09 rarely reinvest back into their own 10:11 systems the capacity just isn't enough 10:14 the current system is already struggling 10:16 as is if America wanted High-Speed Rail 10:19 it would need to follow in the footsteps 10:20 of Egypt and build new rail tracks from 10:23 scratch there exists one line in the Acela and Brightline 10:26 United States that can be considered 10:28 High-Speed Rail the aella Fleet which is 10:30 a 10:31 457m railway line a series of 12 10:34 intermediate stops stretching from 10:36 Boston to Washington that is capable of 10:38 reaching speeds up to 150 mph however 10:42 due to its frequent stops and zones 10:43 where the trains are restricted to 25 10:45 mph the acella trains average 68 mph 10:50 objectively speaking it is one of the 10:52 worst High-Speed Rail services in the 10:53 world and on top of this it is crazy 10:56 expensive when compared to its 10:58 competition in Asia Europe asella only 11:00 carried 2.9 Million passengers in the 11:03 2023 fiscal year while other railway 11:06 services around the world carry billions 11:08 annually now some people might be 11:10 curious as to why I haven't mentioned 11:11 bright line yet and my reasoning is the 11:13 IC highspeed rail as a quality form of 11:15 public transit that is Affordable and 11:17 accessible to the general public not 11:19 simply treated as a public attraction 11:22 bright Lin's fairs range from $84 up to 11:25 $164 for a one-way ticket from Orlando 11:27 to Miami making it even more expensive 11:29 than the asella brightline is a 11:31 privatized company and they not so 11:33 subtly want to keep poor people off in 11:35 order to present the service as a high 11:37 quality experience and that is the 11:39 opposite of what public transportation 11:41 should aim to achieve even though they 11:43 use some public funds to build it the 11:45 service is not intended for the general 11:47 public bright Lin's private 11:48 transportation is not the vision of what 11:50 gen Z Millennials Envision for the 11:52 country another reason is that the 11:54 bright line trains can reach speeds up 11:56 to 150 mph just under the informal 11:59 threshold for High-Speed Rail and while 12:01 there is no single International 12:03 standard that applies worldwide their 12:04 trains only average 69 mph nearly 12:08 matching a sell speeds of 68 mph the two 12:11 Services share many of the same problems 12:13 in terms of their practicality 12:15 affordability accessibility and the 12:17 trains right of way even the time or day 12:20 you buy a ticket matters just like 12:22 airline tickets and it's why I can't 12:24 genuinely call these Services quality 12:26 High-Speed Rail to give you more of a 12:28 full picture the American government 12:30 recently released a plan called Corridor 12:32 ID which aims to upgrade its current 12:34 passenger rail services but in reality 12:36 it just gave a few billion dollars to 12:38 Bright line and asella for their 12:39 highspeed rail projects and the rest is 12:41 just a few hundred, or maybe a million 12:44 to give the current Regional Rail lines 12:46 a facelift which isn't really a Bad 12:48 Thing by any means but it's also nothing 12:51 revolutionary it's just a bare minimum 12:53 that you'd expect from the government 12:54 and the Cella and bright line have their 12:56 own issues to resolve so it's not like 12:58 they are going to change the game 12:59 anytime soon it's honestly a shame 13:01 because the United States is not a poor 13:02 country by any means but to the people 13:04 in power quality High-Speed Rail meant 13:07 for public use is just not a Obstacles to US High Speed Rail 13:09 priority the United States is 13:11 deceivingly massive often overlooked in 13:14 its sheer enormity covering 13:16 approximately 9.8 million squ km it 13:19 sprawls from the Atlantic to the Pacific 13:21 boasting an array of Landscapes and 13:22 climates to grasp its magnitude it's 13:25 helpful to note that it's nearly 40 13:27 times the size of the United Kingdom and 13:29 over twice the size of India to further 13:31 grasp its scale consider that it's 13:33 roughly equivalent to the combined land 13:35 area of all 28 European Union countries 13:38 additionally with a population exceeding 13:40 330 million people it ranks as the third 13:43 most populous nation globally connecting 13:46 all the people who inhabit the United 13:48 States through public transportation 13:49 presents an immense challenge with such 13:52 a vast territory and varying population 13:54 density spread across cities suburbs and 13:56 rural areas designing an efficient and 13:58 comp apprehensive Transportation network 14:00 is no small feat consider that the 14:02 United States has over 4 million miles 14:05 of roads and highways making it the 14:07 largest Road Network globally however 14:09 despite the extensive road 14:11 infrastructure many regions still lack 14:13 efficient public transportation options 14:15 leaving residents reliant on personal 14:17 vehicles with a more conspiratorial 14:20 Outlook one can even Ponder whether or 14:22 not the airline or Auto Industries would 14:24 ever want for there to be a feasible 14:26 public transportation option they 14:28 directly benefit from there being no 14:30 alternative except for the use of their 14:32 products after all bribery is called 14:34 lobbying in Washington DC and it's 14:37 pretty much the name of the game we have 14:39 seen time and time again that these big 14:41 players are more than willing to 14:43 manipulate the scenes behind closed 14:44 doors in order to get what they want and 14:46 keep things as they are however 14:48 disparities and access to public 14:50 transportation disproportionately affect 14:52 marginalized communities exacerbating 14:55 issues of Social and economic inequality 14:57 according to a Harvard study access to 14:59 public transportation is the single most 15:01 important factor on an individual's 15:03 ability to escape poverty altogether 15:06 Bridging the geographical and 15:08 socioeconomic divides through accessible 15:10 and reliable public transportation 15:12 remains a Monumental task due to its 15:15 sheer size it's often cheaper and easier 15:18 for Americans to fly from one end of the 15:20 country to the other and if their 15:21 destination is close enough to not 15:23 require a flight most Americans would 15:25 just prefer to drive a car California is California High Speed Rail 15:29 working on the California highspeed Rail 15:31 Project which aims to connect major 15:33 cities in the state including San 15:35 Francisco Los Angeles and San Diego all 15:38 with a highspeed rail network 15:40 Californians initially voided for the 15:41 project back in 2008 and while the 15:43 project has faced various challenges and 15:45 delays it represents one of the most 15:48 ambitious High-Speed Rail Endeavors in 15:49 the country construction finally began 15:52 on the initial segment in the Central 15:53 Valley in 2015 but progress was slow and 15:56 plagued by delays overall the project 15:59 can only be seen as a net positive for 16:01 the state and the country now to clarify 16:04 it's not my intention to slander or 16:05 badmouth the idea of High-Speed Rail in 16:08 any locality after all the project 16:10 already gets a pretty bad rrap and has 16:13 been the focus of an overabundant and 16:15 unfair amount of media tension and 16:17 criticism I only intend to explain why 16:19 the US is lagging behind and lag behind 16:23 they do the projected completion dates 16:25 for California highspeed rail continue 16:27 to be pushed back and the total cost of 16:30 the project continues to climb and 16:32 infrastructure projects of any kind will 16:34 only get more expensive the more we wait 16:36 the full San Francisco to Los Angeles 16:38 project was initially estimated to cost 16:41 around $33 billion but has now jumped to 16:44 between $98 billion and $128 billion 16:48 over 800 M of track will need to be laid 16:50 for this project in comparison Egypt's 16:53 network will span over 16:55 1,242 M when it is completed this means 16:58 that egyp spending $23 billion for 17:01 approximately 55% more rail for less 17:04 than a fifth of the cost of what 17:06 California is spending another factor 17:08 that is unique to Egypt as a country 17:10 that California cannot rival is that 17:12 most Egyptians live on only 4% of the 17:14 land the very same 4% of the land in 17:17 which the track is being built meaning 17:20 that the high-speed rail will be 17:21 accessible to over 90% of Egyptians the 17:24 same cannot be said about California or 17:26 most other countries with highspeed rail 17:28 for that matter 17:29 California is the most populated state 17:31 in America with over 39 million 17:33 residents so you would think that if 17:35 highspeed rail could work in any state 17:37 it'd be California after all 94% of 17:40 Californians live in urban areas so 17:42 choosing where the stations should be 17:44 should be a pretty easy task just pick 17:46 the most populated cities in Cali and 17:48 connect them so how is California 17:50 handling it well on their website they 17:53 have proposals for 12 of the 24 station 17:55 locations but only half of those 12 17:58 stations will be located in cities that 18:00 are included in the top 10 most 18:02 populated urban areas in California 18:04 critics argue that the projected 18:06 ridership figures are overly optimistic 18:08 if actual ridership falls short of 18:10 expectations the financial 18:12 sustainability of the highspeed rail is 18:14 at risk one of the biggest obstacles for 18:16 the project is that it has struggled to 18:18 secure consistent and sufficient funding 18:20 the federal government state funds and 18:22 private Investments have all been 18:24 sources but funding gaps still remain 18:26 jeopardizing timely and efficient 18:28 completion 18:29 the project has faced numerous delays 18:31 pushing back the expected completion 18:32 dates significantly initially expected 18:35 to be operational by 2020 the timeline 18:37 has been extended multiple times now 18:39 aiming for partial completion in the 18:42 2030s political support for the project 18:44 has fluctuated impacting funding and 18:47 prioritization changes in administration 18:49 and differing political agendas at state 18:51 and federal levels have led to 18:52 inconsistent support California also 18:55 shot itself in the foot by publishing 18:57 the land parcels that will need to be 18:59 purchased to clear the route and they 19:01 don't even acquire the land until 19:03 they're far enough along to need it this 19:04 lag in acquisition means that they will 19:07 always end up paying above Market rates 19:09 to secure the route it costs a fortune 19:12 in legal fees for the government to 19:13 acquire land so normally they offer a 19:16 hefty premium 19:20 overmarking along California decided to 19:23 build in phases building a middle 19:25 section first because it was an easier 19:27 and cheaper option and slowly build out 19:30 towards the major cities with land 19:32 progressively getting more expensive as 19:33 it near San Francisco and Los Angeles 19:36 Egypt does not have this problem a 19:38 significant portion of the land on which 19:40 the route will be built on was already 19:42 an uninhabited desert this means that 19:44 appeasing any property owners in the 19:46 much more fertile Nile Delta quickly 19:48 becomes much more affordable because 19:50 only the land in the fertile Delta and 19:52 the surrounding metropolitan area would 19:55 come with a more significant price tag Final Thoughts 19:57 High-Speed Rail can have a significant 19:59 impact on a country's economy but the 20:01 exact figures can vary depending on factors such as the size of the network the level of investment and the overall economic conditions Studies have shown that High-Speed Rail can stimulate economic growth through various channels such as increased productivity job 20:15 creation and tourism for example a study 20:17 by the international Union of Railways 20:19 found that for every Euro invested in 20:21 High-Speed Rail a return of four EUR and 20:24 economic benefits would be generated but 20:26 for some reason American politicians 20:28 seem to have already decided that a 20:29 massive infrastructure investment is not 20:31 even feasible consider that an effective 20:33 high-speed rail network connecting 20:35 America will physically require more 20:37 miles of rail and as a result the construction of all the track and the electrification that it requires will necessitate a lot of Maintenance a country such as Egypt or Spain is more densely populated so not only can more of the population conveniently use it but the high-speed rail can connect most of the nation without needing to build an absurd amount of track minimizing the the burden of the maintenance payments 21:00 and making High-Speed Rail more 21:02 worthwhile for the nation and its 21:04 taxpayers the idea of an America with 21:06 High-Speed Rail would require serious 21:08 change from the highest level demanding 21:11 that politicians and investors focus on 21:13 improving the American Experience change 21:16 would also need to be made all the way 21:17 down to the foundational level of the 21:19 country American taxpayers would need to 21:21 not only support the projects 21:23 financially and politically but also be 21:25 willing to use it upon its completion in 21:27 order to secure its financi Cal 21:28 stability unfortunately America is 21:31 anything but stable as of lately and 21:33 because we are more divided than we have 21:35 ever been it is not reasonable to assume 21:38 that the country is even able to take on a decades long infrastructure Mega project regardless other countries are waking up to the necessity of High-Speed Rail and the benefits that it provides for society and its economy Morocco was the first nation in Africa to commission a high-speed rail line its alak line is a 323 km Railway that can reach speeds up to 320 kmph making it the fastest 22:02 train in Africa the network links Tangier robot and Casablanca with trains that leave every hour fairs are competitive when compared to European standards a ticket from Tanger to robot costs around $31 and the journey takes 1 hour and 20 minutes in comparison a similar journey in Northwest Spain on highspeed rail from voo to aaronia takes around 1 hour and 20 minutes and fairs cost around $29 demonstrating that African infr structure Investments can directly 22:29 compete with the European neighbors 22:31 whether or not the United States decides 22:33 to invest in highspeed rail remains 22:35 uncertain and Only Time Will Reveal the 22:37 outcome various factors including 22:39 political will funding availability and 22:41 public demand will shape this decision 22:44 while proponents argue for its potential 22:45 benefits in reducing congestion and 22:47 Emissions Skeptics raise concerns about 22:50 its high cost and feasibility ultimately 22:52 the future of High-Speed Rail in the 22:54 United States hinges on a complex 22:56 interplay of these factors and only the 22:58 passage of time will provide a 22:59 definitive answer until then the 23:01 question of whether or not the United States builds highspeed rail remains open-ended regardless of the outcome of Egypt's other significant Mega projects the decision to build High-Speed Rail holds immense potential for propelling the country forward this transformative infrastructure project not only promises to enhance domestic connectivity but also positions Egypt as a regional leader in transportation Innovation if the high-speed rail is a success it could catalyze a economic growth Foster tourism which Egypt benefits greatly from and improve overall quality of life 23:34 for Egyptians by embracing highspeed 23:36 rail Egypt demonstrates its Readiness to 23:39 embrace the challenges and opportunities 23:41 of the 21st century and I for one am 23:44 excited to witness its completion if you 23:46 learned something from this video make sure to subscribe to Mosaic insights for similar content about geopolitics and more this is my first upload and I've learned so much making this video I'm a oneman team so I'd very much appreciate your support for the channel check out my patreon in the description below to 24:00 get exclusive access to sneak peeks to future videos if you have any topics you'd like for me to cover mention them in the comments below along with any thoughts you had about Egypt's highspeed rail thanks for watching

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