Acronyms
- AGCM Atmospheric General Circulation Model
- AIS Antarctic Ice Sheet
- AMO Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
- AMOC Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
- AMSU Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit
- AO Arctic Oscillation
- AOD aerosol optical depth
- AR atmospheric river
- AW Atlantic Water
- BAMS Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
- BC black carbon
- BCE Before Common Era
- CAM5 Community Atmospheric Model, Version 5
- CAPE convective available potential energy
- CCN cloud condensation nuclei
- CCSM3 Community Climate System Model, Version 3
- CDR carbon dioxide removal
- CE Common Era
- CENRS Committee on Environment, Natural Resources, and Sustainability (National Science and Technology Council, White House)
- CESM-LE Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble Project
- CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
- CI climate intervention
- CMIP5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Fifth Phase (also CMIP3 and CMIP6)
- CONUS contiguous United States
- CP Central Pacific
- CSSR Climate Science Special Report
- DIC dissolved inorganic carbon
- DJF December-January-February
- DoD SERDP SERDP U.S. Department of Defense, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program
- DOE U.S. Department of Energy
- EAIS East Antarctic Ice Sheet
- ECS equilibrium climate sensitivity
- ENSO El Niño-Southern Oscillation
- EOF analysis empirical orthogonal function analysis
- EP Eastern Pacific
- ERF effective radiative forcing
- ESD empirical statistical downscaling
- ESDM empirical statistical downscaling model
- ESM Earth System Model
- ESS Earth system sensitivity
- ETC extratropical cyclone
- ETCCDI Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Indices
- GBI Greenland Blocking Index
- GCIS Global Change Information System
- GCM global climate model
- GeoMIP Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project
- GFDL HiRAM Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, global HIgh Resolution Atmospheric Model (NOAA)
- GHCN Global Historical Climatology Network (National Centers for Environmental Information, NOAA)
- GHG greenhouse gas
- GMSL global mean sea level
- GMT global mean temperature
- GPS global positioning system
- GRACE Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
- GrIS Greenland Ice Sheet
- GWP global warming potential
- HadCM3 Hadley Centre Coupled Model, Version 3
- HadCRUT4 Hadley Centre Climatic Research Unit Gridded Surface Temperature Dataset 4
- HCFCs hydrochlorofluorocarbons
- HFCs hydrofluorocarbons
- HOT Hawai‘i Ocean Time-series
- HOT-DOGS Hawai‘i Ocean Time-series Data Organization & Graphical System
- HURDAT2 revised Atlantic Hurricane Database (National Hurricane Center, NOAA)
- IAM integrated assessment model
- IAV impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability
- INMCM Institute for Numerical Mathematics Climate Model
- IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- IPCC AR5 Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC; also SPM – Summary for Policymakers, and WG1, WG2, WG3 – Working Groups 1-3
- IPO Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
- IVT integrated vapor transport
- JGOFS U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
- JJA June-July-August
- JTWC Joint Typhoon Warning Center
- LCC land-cover changes
- LULCC land-use and land-cover change
- MAM March-April-May
- MSU Microwave Sounding Unit
- NAM Northern Annular Mode
- NAO North Atlantic Oscillation
- NARCCAP North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (World Meteorological Organization)
- NAS National Academy of Sciences
- NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NCA National Climate Assessment
- NCA3 Third National Climate Assessment
- NCA4 Fourth National Climate Assessment
- NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information (NOAA)
- NDC nationally determined contribution
- NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- NPI North Pacific Index
- NPO North Pacific oscillation
- NPP net primary production
- OMZs oxygen minimum zones
- OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy (White House)
- PCA principle component analysis
- PDO Pacific Decadal Oscillation
- PDSI Palmer Drought Severity Index
- PETM Paleo-Eocene Thermal Maximum
- PFCs perfluorocarbons
- PGW pseudo-global warming
- PNA Pacific North American Pattern
- RCM regional climate models
- RCP Representative Concentration Pathway
- RF radiative forcing
- RFaci aerosol–cloud interaction (effect on RF)
- RFari aerosol–radiation interaction (effect on RF)
- RMSE root mean square error
- RSL relative sea level
- RSS remote sensing systems
- S06 surface-to-6 km layer
- SCE snow cover extent
- SGCR Subcommittee on Global Change Research (National Science and Technology Council, White House)
- SLCF short-lived climate forcer
- SLCP short-lived climate pollutant
- SLR sea level rise
- SOC soil organic carbon
- SRES IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios
- SREX IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation
- SRM solar radiation management
- SSC Science Steering Committee
- SSI solar spectral irradiance
- SSP Shared Socioeconomic Pathway
- SST sea surface temperature
- STAR Center for Satellite Applications and Research (NOAA)
- SWCRE shortwave cloud radiative effect (on radiative fluxes)
- LWCRE longwave cloud radiative effect (on radiative fluxes)
- TA total alkalinity
- TC tropical cyclone
- TCR transient climate response
- TCRE transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions
- TOPEX/JASON1,2 Topography Experiment/Joint Altimetry Satellite Oceanography Network satellites (NASA)
- TSI total solar irradiance
- TTT temperature total troposphere
- UAH University of Alabama, Huntsville
- UHI urban heat island (effect)
- UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- USGCRP U.S. Global Change Research Program
- USGS U.S. Geological Survey
- UV ultraviolet
- VOCs volatile organic compounds
- WAIS West Antarctic Ice Sheet
- WCRP World Climate Research Programme
- WMGHG well-mixed greenhouse gas
- WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment (JGOFS)
- Abbreviations and Units
- C carbon
- CO carbon monoxide
- CH4 methane
- cm centimeters
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- °C degrees Celsius
- °F degrees Fahrenheit
- GtC gigatonnes of carbon
- hPA hectopascal
- H2S hydrogen sulfide
- H2SO4 sulfuric acid
- km kilometers
- m meters
- mm millimeters
- Mt megaton
- μatm microatmosphere
- N nitrogen
- N2O nitrous oxide
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- O2 molecular oxygen
- O3 ozone
- OH hydroxyl radical
- PgC petagrams of carbon
- ppb parts per billion
- ppm parts per million
- SF6 sulfur hexafluoride
- SO2 sulfur dioxide
- TgC teragrams of carbon
- W/m2 Watts per meter squared
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